Background: Laxity of soft tissues after total hip arthroplasty is considered to be a cause of accelerated wear of bearing surfaces and dislocation. The purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of the anterior and posterior capsular ligamentous complexes and the short external rotators, except the quadratus femoris, on the stability of the hip against axial traction. Methods: The study subjects comprised 7 fresh cadavers with 12 normal hip joints. In 6 hips, soft tissues surrounding the hip joint were resected in the following order to simulate the anterior approach: anterior capsule, posterior capsule, piriformis, conjoined tendon, and external obturator. In the remaining 6 hips, soft tissues were resected in the following order to simulate the posterior approach: piriformis, conjoined tendon, external obturator, posterior capsule, and anterior capsule. Soft tissue tension was measured by applying traction amounting to 250 N with joints in the neutral position. Results: The separation distance between the femoral head and acetabulum during axial leg traction significantly increased from 4.0 to 14.5 mm on average after circumferential resection of the capsule via the anterior approach. Subsequent resection of the short external rotators increased the separation distance up to 19.0 mm, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Resection of the short external rotators via the posterior approach did not significantly increase the separation distance; it significantly increased from 6.0 to 11.4 mm after the resection of the anterior capsule and further to 20.5 mm after the resection of the posterior capsule. Conclusion: The posterior capsule, in addition to the anterior capsule, significantly contributes to hip joint stability in distraction regardless of whether the short external rotators, except the quadratus femoris, were preserved or resected.